26 december 2004 tsunami causes pdf

The devastating megathrust earthquake of 26 december 2004. When the ocean started to return on december 26 it was in the form of the tsunami a series of crashing waves in some places and a sudden flood hundreds of yards inland in others. The 26 december 2004 tsunamis around the indian ocean exposed the vulnerability of many coastal communities, including those serving tourists. Work carried out during the first days after the catastrophe is. Aceh tsunami dec 26, 2004 main shock and after shocks within one day of the sumatra earthquake, december 26, 2004, usgs on sunday morning dec 26, 2004 banda aceh was holding a 10 k marathon and approximately residents were doing their daily exercise at blang padang square, where the suelawah. Seven minutes later a stretch of the indonesian subduction zone 1200 kilometers long had slipped by an average distance of 15 meters. This displacement of water is usually attributed to either earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, glacier calvings or more rarely by meteorites and nuclear tests. Beginning about midday on 26 december, 2004 and continuing into the following day, numerous tsunami waves impacted the coast of the seychelles archipelago.

Jul 19, 2019 altogether, an estimated 230,000 to 260,000 people died in the 2004 indian ocean earthquake and tsunami. The december 26, 2004 indian ocean tsunami was caused by an earthquake that is thought to have had the energy of 23,000 hiroshimatype atomic bombs. Sumatra on december 26, 2004 was the third largest earthquake in the world since 1900. Indian ocean tsunami strikes asia, killing 230,000 a massive earthquake under the indian ocean triggered a tsunami which killed almost a quarter of a million people across. The 2004 tsunami impacted people in 15 countries along the indian oceon region.

The tsunami generated by the earthquake was recorded nearly worldwide and killed more people than any other tsunami in recorded history, almost 230,000 missing and presumed dead. Introduction tsunami the term tsunami comes from the japanese,composed of two kanji. Effects of the december 2004 indian ocean tsunami on the. Often a tsunami wave warns of its arrival with roaring and rumbling from the ocean, but sometimes a rising wall of water approaches silently and imperceptibly. In a period of minutes, the faulting released elastic strains that had accumulated for centuries from ongoing subduction of the india plate beneath. Abstract a quaketriggered tsunami lashed the andaman coast of southern thailand on december 26, 2004. With a death toll of about 350 thousand, the indian ocean tsunami caused by the deepsea earthquake near northern sumatra on 26 december 2004 is by far the worst natural disaster of that kind in the recoded human history.

A minute before 8 oclock in the morning local time, a colossal earthquake began to shake the northern part of sumatra and the andaman sea to its north. Sumatra, indonesia earthquake and tsunami, 26 december 2004 on 26 december 2004, a magnitude 9. On december 26, 2004, the worlds deadliest tsunami killed over 230,000 people in 14 different countries. Altogether, an estimated 230,000 to 260,000 people died in the 2004 indian ocean earthquake and tsunami. Pdf effects of the tsunami of 26 december 2004 on rasdhoo. Indian ocean tsunami remembered scientists reflect on. The 26 december 2004 tsunami significantly affected the coastal regions. According to official estimates, 8,000 of the 18,000 population of town teunom were dead. Dec 26, 2004 effects of the 26 december 2004 tsunami in the bay of bengal and in the indian ocean waves of up to 10. In any disaster, one publichealth imperative is to understand and respond to the reproductive health needs of women and girls, men and boys, and lessons should be learned from the effects of the tsunami that struck indian ocean countries on 26 december 2004. That changed on the morning of december 24, 2004 when an earthquake of moment magnitude 9. A powerful earthquake off the coast of sumatra, indonesia, on december 26, 2004 sets off a tsunami that wreaks death and devastation across the indian ocean coastline. The earthquake originated 30 km below the sea floor off. The giant wall of moving water washed away entire towns.

The 26 december 2004 earthquake was not the first tsunamigenic earthquake, which. Sumatra earthquake and tsunami indonesia december 26, 2004. Spatial distribution of tsunami height and the extent of inundation in sri lanka article pdf available in science of tsunami hazards 243 january 2006 with 1,158. The indian ocean tsunami on december 26, 2004, a powerful earthquake shook the ocean floor near the coast of sumatra, indonesia.

The great sumatra earthquake of 26 december 2004 did not cause. The sumatraandaman earthquake was one of the three largest earthquakes ever recorded. The tsunami severely affected the coastal regions of the eastern state of tamil nadu, the union terri. Tsunami or the harbour wave struck havoc in the indian ocean on the 26 th of december 2004. It is very unlikely that an aftershock will cause another tsunami, as they. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of the event on buildings, bridges and infrastructure. Pdf mapping of the 26 december 2004 tsunami disaster by. The great earthquake and tsunami of 26 december 2004 in southeast asia and the indian ocean. The impact of the 26 december 2004 earthquake and tsunami on. On sunday morning dec 26, 2004 banda aceh was holding a 10 k marathon and approximately residents were doing their daily exercise at blang padang square, where the suelawah plane monument is.

On the night of december 26, 2004, a massive quake of magnitude 9. Effects of the 26 december 2004 indian ocean tsunami in the republic of seychelles. Jun 04, 2009 the tsunami in thailand 2004 12 26 22 minutes movie duration. Dec 26, 2016 on the night of december 26, 2004, a massive quake of magnitude 9. A devastating earthquake and the resulting tsunami hit coastal areas of indian ocean on december. Effects of the december 2004 indian ocean tsunami on the indian. Sumatra region has been attacked by several large tsunamis caused by both earthquake and. Dec 24, 2014 on december 26, 2004 morning walkers and fishermen residing along the eastern coast of india observed a strange phenomenon of the sea receding few hundred metres inside exposing parts of the coastal s.

The december 2004 tsunami in the seychelles provides an instructive example of tsunami interaction with an island group on a shallow shelf and further bathymetric modification of the wave in shallow water. The spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals also caused. The reason that the tsunami did not cause deaths and destruction on simeulu island is because the amount of crustal uplift was greater than the height of the waves. The data collected for this report may be useful in further studies, including tsunami wave modeling. The great sumatra andaman earthquake of 26 december 2004 pdf. The december 26, 2004 indian ocean tsunami was caused by slippage of about 600 miles 1,000 kilometers of the boundary between the india and burma plates off. Investigation report the natural disaster in asia on 26 december, 2004.

Report of the canadaunesco indian ocean tsunami expedition, 19 january 5 february 2005. The december 26, 2004 sumatra earthquake and tsunami. Mapsoftheworld 2 seismological background the earthquake of december 26, 2004 occurred due to the rupturing of the subduction zone between the indian plate and the burma microplate. Additional eyewitness accounts or observations will help clarify whether this was. Mitigation measures formulated after disaster tsunami 2004. Pdf the earthquake of 26th december 2004 and the resulting tsunami. Characteristics of the tsunami the vertical offset of the ocean floor by 7 to 10 meters during the december 26, 2004 sumatra earthquake displaced massive volumes of water, resulting in a destructive tsunami. The tsunami heights in some places were extremely high. The impact of the 26 december 2004 earthquake and tsunami. The sumatra earthquake of december 26, 2004 share flipboard email. To draw conclusions regarding disaster risk reduction for tourism in coastal areas, this study surveyed international tourists who survived the tsunami regarding their perceptions and experiences of the disaster. The great sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunami of december 26, 2004 editors note. In this area the india plate is sliding under the burma plate.

Because of the northsouth direction of the fault line the tsunami was the strongest in the eastwest direction. The tsunami was triggered by an earthquake of magnitude 9. When the asian tsumani struck on 26 december 2004, health authorities braced for an onslaught of waterborne illnesses including malaria and cholera, which often follow such disasters. The building inventory in patong beach consisted of a large number of nonengineered one to two story reinforced concrete and timber frame shops and hotels. The tsunami of december 26, 2004 was triggered by a magnitude 9.

Effects of the tsunami of 26 december 2004 on rasdhoo and northern ari atolls, maldives article pdf available in atoll research bulletin 561544. The cause of the tsunami in sumatra on 26 december 2004 which affected the entire indian ocean was a very violent earthquake of magnitude 9. It was the biggest earthquake ever recorded after the one in chile on 22 may 1960, with a magnitude of 9. The tsunami and its aftermath were responsible for immense destruction and loss on the rim of the indian ocean. Tsunami damage and debris on main coastal road, anse royale, mahe, december 26, 2004. In the march issue, we published reports on earthquake and tsunami impacts in northern sumatra and along the southeast indian coast. Causes, consequences, prediction, and response boris w. The 26 december 2004 earthquake was not the first tsunamigenic earthquake, which occurred off the west coast of sumatra island. Tsunami runup heights estimated by various reconnaissance teams across the indian ocean,showing the extent of the tsunami s impact. A 1600 km faultline slipped 15 m along the subduction zone with the india plate slides under the burma. The sumatra earthquake proves that the gsn network is robust and sensitive enough to use for expanded tsunami detection and warnings if the right resources can be spent on supporting instrumentation and facilities. The earthquake caused tsunami waves which killed more than 300,000. Indian ocean tsunami remembered scientists reflect on the 2004 indian ocean that killed thousands release date. Main shock and after shocks within one day of the sumatra earthquake, december 26, 2004, usgs.

The earthquake was so powerful that it slowed down the earths speed of rotation by a tiny fraction of a second. This is a typical aftershock sequence for a large thrust earthquake. The principal generation mechanism of a tsunami is the displacement of a substantial volume of water or perturbation of the sea. The number and magnitude of aftershocks declined steadily from 26 december 2004 to january 2005 aftershocks are expected to continue, however earthquakes above magnitude 5 will be very infrequent. It was an undersea megathrust earthquake that registered a magnitude of 9. The wave was the result of an earthquake that had its epicentre near the western boundary of sumatra. The great sumatra earthquake of 26 december 2004 did not cause shakinginduced damage to the mainland of india, but the consequent indian ocean tsunami had a signi. Here we present a report by an indian team funded by the government of india. The tsunami inundated the coastal zone more than 1. The event of 26th of december 2004 the biggest earthquake in. Dec 27, 2004 the earthquake that generated the great indian ocean tsunami of 2004 is estimated to have released the energy of 23,000 hiroshimatype atomic bombs. Indian ocean tsunami of 2004, tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of south and southeast asia in december 2004. The varying tsunami wave heights along the east coast from 2. The effects of the earthquakeinduced tsunami were felt throughout the indian ocean rim countries, resulting in estimates of more than 155,000.

Mapping of the 26 december 2004 tsunami disaster by using formosat. The 2004 indian ocean tsunami history and its aftermath. Pdf environmental and geological impacts of the 26. The earthquake occurred in the indian ocean off the northwestern coast of sumatra, indonesia. Indian ocean earthquaketsunami of december 26, 2004 the december 26, 2004 event in the indian ocean was a rare magnitude 9. A powerful undersea earthquake that struck off the coast of sumatra island, indonesia, set off the 2004 indian ocean tsunami, also known as the christmas or boxing day tsunami, on sunday morning, dec. This study was undertaken to document the timing, elevation, and effects of these waves on the largest granitic islands of this. For example, the indian coastline experienced the most devastating tsunami in recorded history on 26 december 2004.

Indian ocean tsunami great earthquake and tsunami of 26. The quake itself was thirdmost powerful since 1900, exceeded only by the great chilean earthquake of 1960 magnitude 9. The december 26, 2004 tsunami was caused by an undersea earthquake that occurred at 7. The 2004 indian ocean earthquake and tsunami also known as the boxing day tsunami occurred at 00.

The 26 december 2004 earthquake off northwest sumatra, indonesia was the largest seismic event on earth in more than 40 years. Over the next seven hours, a tsunami a series of immense ocean wavestriggered by the quake reached out across the indian ocean, devastating coastal areas as far away as east africa. During a tsunami, if you have forewarning, your best bet is to move to higher ground, move inland andor get inside a solid building which is unlikely to suffer damage severe enough to cause its. Indian ocean earthquaketsunami of december 26, 2004.

Levin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss continues to be its strict teacher. The 2004 tsunami was also a wakeup call for the indian earth scientists community to. Our paper presents selected short and longterm environmental and geological impacts of the 26 december 2004 tsunami on the andaman sea coast of thailand. The 26 december 2004 south east asia earthquake event provided a unique and valuable opportunity to evaluate the performance of various structures to the ground motion and study the impact of the accompanying large tsunami waves on structures. Sumatra, indonesia earthquake and tsunami, 26 december 2004. Unesco eolss sample chapters natural disasters vol. Earthquake triggers tsunami this transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate. Tsunami up until december of 2004, the phenomena of tsunami was not on the minds of most of the worlds population. This tsunami caused death of more than 230,000 people and is considered as. A field investigation of the 26 december 2004 south east asia earthquake and tsunami affected areas in thailand and indonesia was conducted. This eyewitness assessment of damage from the earthquake and tsunami yields lessons for engineers. Tsunami runup heights estimated by various reconnaissance teams across the indian ocean,showing the extent of the tsunamis impact. The 2004 indianocean tsunami prepared by sagar s kurde girish p kulkarni ganesh a navle 2. Effects of the december 26, 2004 sumatra earthquake and tsunami.

The whole world was shaken by the massive earthquake and tsunami that struck indonesia. Modeling the 26 december 2004 indian ocean tsunami. The great sumatra earthquake of 26 december 2004 did not cause shakinginduced damage to the mainland of india, but the consequent indian ocean tsunami had a sig ni. Tsunami devastates indian ocean coast a powerful earthquake off the coast of sumatra, indonesia, on december 26, 2004 sets off a tsunami that wreaks death and devastation across the indian ocean. The earthquake was caused by a rupture along the fault between the burma plate and the indian plate. The great sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunami of.